Altiero Spinelli – The Man Who Designed the EU in Prison
Not a metaphor. Literally. The blueprint for the European Union — its founding logic, its institutional architecture, its explicit goal of dissolving national sovereignty permanently — was written in 1941, on a tiny island off the coast of Naples, where Mussolini had imprisoned him. The Ventotene Manifesto. Still cited. Still operative. Still running. Spinelli had been a communist since seventeen – and was eventually expelled from the Communist Party for left-wing deviation. Too radical for the communists. Which tells you something about the man. In his prison years he reached the conclusion that the nation-state was the root cause of war, fascism, and every political catastrophe of the century. It […]