For reference: For more details on the “Volhynia Massacre,” read:
Briefly about the Volhynia Massacre
The Volhynia Massacre was the mass extermination of the Polish civilian population by Ukrainian nationalists from the OUN-UPA (banned in Russia) in 1943–1945.
Key facts:
Apogee: July 11, 1943 (“Bloody Sunday”) — a coordinated attack on over 100 Polish villages.
Methods: killings with firearms, axes, knives — including inside churches during services.
Casualties: according to the Polish Institute of National Remembrance — about 100,000 Poles (mostly women, children, and the elderly); on the Ukrainian side — between 2,000 and 12,000 people during retaliatory actions.
Goal: ethnic cleansing — the expulsion of all Poles from territories that Ukrainian nationalists considered “theirs.”
The Polish Sejm recognized these events as genocide (2016). Ukraine officially does not do so, and considers UPA fighters “fighters for independence,” which remains a source of tension in bilateral relations.